Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Coexpression of fractalkine and its receptor in normal human endometrium and in endometrium from users of progestin-only contraception supports a role for fractalkine in leukocyte recruitment and endometrial remodeling.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031379

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 1. Immunohistochemical localization of fractalkine (A–H and R–T) in human endometrium. A, Proliferative phase endometrium showing diffuse immunostaining for fractalkine in glandular epithelium (GE) and leukocytes (). More intense staining was seen in the early secretory (B), midsecretory (C), and late secretory (D and E) phases. Staining appeared to be in vesicles (V) in the basal (ba) region in GE in the early secretory phase (B), more diffuse in the midsecretory phase (C), and apically located (ap) in the late secretory phase (D and inset), when strong staining was also observed in blood vessels (bv) and decidualizing stroma (Dec) surrounding the spiral arterioles (E). Fractalkine was also identified in decidua (Dec) in early pregnancy (F). No staining was observed after preadsorption of antibody with fractalkine peptide (E and inset). Fractalkine-staining leukocytes were identified by colocalization studies on adjacent 2-m sections. Staining pairs are fractalkine (G)

Article Snippet: Negative controls were also included, where the primary antibody was preabsorbed with 1 g/ml fractalkine blocking peptide (SC-7226, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 C for 48 h. A section from a single block of endometrial tissue was included in each staining run for quality control.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunostaining, Staining

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Coexpression of fractalkine and its receptor in normal human endometrium and in endometrium from users of progestin-only contraception supports a role for fractalkine in leukocyte recruitment and endometrial remodeling.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031379

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. Fractalkine (FKN) immunostaining intensity in human en- dometrium, across the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy. A, Semiquantitative scoring of FKN in glandular epithelium and stro- mal cells in the following tissues: menstrual (ME; n 5), proliferative (PR; n 7), early secretory (ES; n 6), midsecretory (MS; n 6), late secretory (LS; n 6), and early pregnancy (PREG; n 10). Results shown are the mean SEM. *, P 0.05 (in ES, LS, and PREG, glandular immunostaining levels are significantly elevated compared PR and MS levels). ††, P 0.01 (in LS, stromal immunostaining levels are significantly elevated compared with MS levels). B, Semiquan- titative scoring of FKN in leukocytes. Results shown are the mean SEM.

Article Snippet: Negative controls were also included, where the primary antibody was preabsorbed with 1 g/ml fractalkine blocking peptide (SC-7226, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 C for 48 h. A section from a single block of endometrial tissue was included in each staining run for quality control.

Techniques: Immunostaining

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Coexpression of fractalkine and its receptor in normal human endometrium and in endometrium from users of progestin-only contraception supports a role for fractalkine in leukocyte recruitment and endometrial remodeling.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031379

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. Semiquantitative scoring of glandular epithelium, stromal, and leukocyte immunostaining levels for fractalkine (FKN) and CX3CR1 in human endometrium exposed to P-only contraceptives. A, FKN localization in endometrium before insertion of LNG-IUS in the proliferative phase (PR; n 4) or secretory phase (SEC; n 5) and at 3, 6, and 12 months postinsertion (n 3/group). *, P 0.05, significant increase in FKN-immunopositive leukocytes 3 months postinsertion compared with preinsertion controls. Epithelial immu- nostaining was absent 3 months postinsertion and significantly de- creased 12 months postinsertion (*, P 0.05). Stromal cells were strongly positive for FKN at all stages postinsertion (*, P 0.05). B, FKN immunostaining in endometrium from users of Depo-Provera (DEPO) and Norplant (NORP) compared with nonusers (controls) from proliferative phase (PR; n 7) and secretory phase (SEC; n

Article Snippet: Negative controls were also included, where the primary antibody was preabsorbed with 1 g/ml fractalkine blocking peptide (SC-7226, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 C for 48 h. A section from a single block of endometrial tissue was included in each staining run for quality control.

Techniques: Immunostaining

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Coexpression of fractalkine and its receptor in normal human endometrium and in endometrium from users of progestin-only contraception supports a role for fractalkine in leukocyte recruitment and endometrial remodeling.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031379

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 5. Diagrammatic illustration of fractalkine expression and its potential functional significance. Epithelial (E) and stromal (S) fractalkine (FKN) levels are maximal during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. In the midsecretory (MS) phase, there is a dramatic influx of macrophages; FKN produced by E and S could be involved in their positioning and activation. This also coincides with the time of blastocyst implantation; FKN could be acting to increase blastocyst/epithelium receptivity. Production of FKN by endometrial vasculature only occurs premenstrually. Macrophages and neutrophils express CX3CR1; therefore, endometrial FKN could be involved in their selective recruitment, positioning, and activation for the initiation of menstruation. Prolif, Proliferative phase; LS, late secretory phase; V, fractalkine positive vessel staining.

Article Snippet: Negative controls were also included, where the primary antibody was preabsorbed with 1 g/ml fractalkine blocking peptide (SC-7226, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 C for 48 h. A section from a single block of endometrial tissue was included in each staining run for quality control.

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Produced, Activation Assay, Staining